Floating work and procedure of installation of the same (Machine-translation by Google Translate, no

专利摘要:
Floating construction comprising: a floating base, comprising at least one essentially hollow body capable of being selectively filled with ballast, in which the maximum horizontal dimension of the floating base exceeds the maximum vertical dimension of the floating base; a building supported on said flotation base preferably comprising a telescopic type tower; descending thrust means; and at least three retaining cables, the respective upper ends of which are attached to said flotation base, preferably in perimetral positions of the flotation base, and whose respective lower ends are attached to said descending pushing means, so that said cables retention are in tension and apply a downward force on said flotation base that increases the stability of the floating work. And procedure of installation of such floating work. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
公开号:ES2555500A1
申请号:ES201430794
申请日:2014-05-27
公开日:2016-01-04
发明作者:Miguel Ángel Fernández Gómez；José SERNA GARCÍA-CONDE
申请人:SEA WIND TOWERS SL；Esteyco SAP；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

  2 DESCRIPTION Floating work and installation procedure thereof Field of the invention 5 The present invention relates to a floating work intended to be therefore installed in a location in a body of water such as the sea, a lake or the like, and An installation procedure for it.   Especially, the work of the present invention can be a floating substructure for wind turbines, substantially of concrete, which in installed condition comprises either a semi-emerged type shaft and a submerged type floating base, or a type shaft emerged and a semi-submerged flotation base.  In this context, the term "substructure" designates the part of a wind tower intended to support the wind turbine means of the wind tower on it, thus including the necessary tower itself or shaft.   For greater clarity in the description, reference will be made in this document in general to the use of a work in accordance with the present invention at sea, without this implying a limitation on the scope of the invention in terms of the mass of siting water according to the present invention.  Likewise, for greater clarity in the description, this document will especially illustrate a work of a floating substructure type for wind turbines, without this implying a limitation on the scope of the invention.  Although, as already indicated, this invention is especially applicable to floating substructures for wind turbines made substantially of concrete, this is not intended to limit the scope of the description or the claims to the application of the object of the present invention to this type of works, or to substructures made substantially of concrete, since the present invention is also advantageously applicable to substructures that in installed condition have a lower portion made mostly of concrete up to a certain height above the water level and mostly of other material (for for example, steel) above said certain height, and it is also applicable although it is not preferred to substructures made mostly of a material other than concrete (for example, steel) along its entire vertical dimension.   3 Therefore, the main sector of application of the present invention is the construction industry of large structures, especially in concrete, particularly in relation to the renewable or green energy industry, especially wind energy.  5 Background of the invention The prominence that the energy of wind origin has acquired in recent years, in Spain, in Europe and in the rest of the world is notorious.  And all forecasts point to a sustained growth of wind power generation worldwide.  The energy policies of the most advanced countries with greater economic power include among their objectives a growing presence of wind energy.   In this context, wind farms at sea begin to make an appearance, 15 confirming the forecasts of great growth in the application of this technology in the coming years.  Wind farms built at sea are certainly more expensive, logically depending on the draft of the waters in which they are located, but the wind quality is higher, its speed higher and its turbulence less and, consequently, the number of hours of production, which added to the higher air density at sea level generates higher revenues than in land parks, offsetting the extra cost of the initial investment.  In fact, it is already frequent, particularly in Germany, in the British Isles and in the Nordic countries, the promotion and construction of wind farms at sea and the number of offshore wind farms under study, in line with the Growth forecasts for this type of parks 25 closely linked to the strategic objectives set at the government level to achieve certain quotas for renewable energy production.  The tendency to use wind turbines of greater power and size, with the aim of reducing the unit cost of installed power, has been a constant in the development of wind turbines and is even more marked in the case of offshore wind.  Virtually all of the 30 major wind turbine manufacturers have under study or advanced development models of high power, 3 and more megawatts, adapted to marine conditions that are particularly demanding.   This escalation in power and particularly demanding marine conditions mean a significant increase in the solicitations and requirements on the substructure. 4 that wind turbines will have to support, which will require the development of innovative concepts for said substructure, with increased capacity, optimal resistance and competitive cost, especially if the use of the substructure is carried out in high-depth locations, which can Be advisable in certain circumstances.  For these sites, solutions have been proposed by flotation of the 5 that all those built to date have used a metal substructure.   Among the main disadvantages and limitations that known floating solutions may have, the following should be noted: 10 • The installation of substructures implies high costs derived from the scarce and expensive marine means for the transport, handling and lifting of the foundation elements, shaft and turbine   • Steel offers reduced durability in the marine environment, due to the aggressive conditions of humidity and salinity, particularly in tidal race zones.  Consequently, high and expensive maintenance requirements are necessary.  This, together with the high sensitivity of metal structures to fatigue loads, limits the useful life of the metal components of the substructure.   20 • Steel substructures are very sensitive to the collision of ships, icebergs and drifting objects in general.   • There are uncertainties arising from the variability in the cost of steel, notably more pronounced than that of concrete.  25 • Certain existing solutions have limited rigidity for the substructure shaft, which limits the capacity for higher substructure heights and wind turbine sizes, in particular with foundation solutions of reduced stiffness, which is the most common case in off-site installations. -shore.  30 • High dependence on specific marine lifting and transportation means, whose offer is very limited.   As for the manufacturing material, structural concrete proves to be a suitable material for inland constructions, especially marine constructions.   5 In fact, although the use of metallic structures is mostly in mobile floating elements, as an extension of naval practice and always linked to uninterrupted maintenance, concrete is instead an advantageous alternative and therefore more common in all types of maritime constructions Fixed type (ports, dikes, docks, breakwaters, platforms, lighthouses, etc. ).  This is fundamentally due to the durability, robustness and structural resistance, the reduced sensitivity to marine corrosion and the virtually maintenance-free service of structural concrete.  With an adequate design, its sensitivity to fatigue is also very low.  Its useful life usually exceeds 50 years.   In addition, concrete offers advantages due to its tolerance against impacts or shocks, 10 being able, for example, to withstand the forces generated by drifting ice or the impact of small ships, in addition to the ease and economy of eventual repair.   Structural concrete is also a universal building material, and the raw materials and means for its elaboration are accessible worldwide and of moderate cost.   That is why concrete is an increasingly used material for the manufacture of substructures for inland use (better known for off-shore anglicism), although so far it has been used for substructures with foundations in the seabed , and 20 therefore for scarce depths or complex structures.   DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention relates to a floating work comprising: 25 - a flotation base, comprising at least one essentially hollow body capable of being selectively filled with ballast, in which the maximum horizontal dimension of the flotation base exceeds the maximum vertical dimension of the flotation base, 30 - a building supported on said flotation base, - downward thrust means, and 35 - at least three retention cables, whose respective upper ends are attached to 6 said flotation base, preferably in perimeter positions of the flotation base, and whose respective lower ends are attached to said downward thrust means, so that said retention cables are in tension and apply a descending force on said flotation base which increases the stability of the floating work.  5 Said floating work may comprise in an installed condition either a semi-emerged type building and a submerged type flotation base, or an emerged type building and a semi-submerged type flotation base.   Said floating work may be a floating substructure for wind turbines, especially a substantially concrete floating substructure, and said building may comprise a telescopic shaft comprising at least two sections, including a base section and a head section, and which supports the wind turbine means 15 Said shaft is formed from at least two tubular sections that are placed one on top of the other coaxially, possibly with a partial axial overlap, until the expected height is completed, of which at least one can be tapered upwards in the installed condition of the substructure.  Between two successive sections there is therefore a respective horizontal joint.  Among the shaft sections, the shaft section intended to be arranged directly on said floating base in the installed condition of the substructure is hereinafter referred to as the "base section" and any section other than the base section is called hereinafter referred to as "overlap segment".  The overlapping section intended to be arranged in the highest position of the shaft in the installed condition of the substructure is hereinafter referred to as "head section".  25 Each of these sections may be in one piece (hereinafter referred to as "integral section").  Alternatively, at least one of said sections may be formed by at least two pieces of circumference arc or segments, juxtaposed until the expected circumference of the corresponding section is completed.  Between two successive segments there is therefore a respective vertical joint.   In addition, the base section of the shaft of a substructure and the flotation base of such a substructure can be joined without continuity solution, and / or be made in one piece, without thereby leaving the scope of the present invention.  35 7 Said floating work can therefore be a floating substructure for wind turbines, especially a substantially concrete floating substructure, comprising in installed condition either a semi-emerged type shaft and a submerged type floating base, or a shaft of the emerged type and a semi-submerged flotation base, in which said floating substructure for wind turbines comprises: 5 - a flotation base, comprising at least one essentially hollow body capable of being selectively filled with ballast, in which the maximum horizontal dimension of the flotation base exceeds the maximum vertical dimension of the flotation base, 10 - a telescopic shaft supported on said flotation base and comprising at least two sections, including a base section and a head section, - downward thrust means, and 15 - at least three retention cables, whose respective upper ends are attached to said base e of flotation, preferably in perimeter positions of the flotation base, and whose respective lower ends are attached to said downward thrust means, so that said retention cables are in tension and apply on said float base a downward force that Increase its stability.   The floating work according to the present invention can also comprise at least one tie rod whose upper end is attached to the building, preferably a shaft, and whose lower end is attached to the flotation base.  At least one of said braces 25 is inclined with respect to the vertical so that the lower end of the brace is farther from the central vertical axis of the building than the upper end of the brace.  At least one of said braces may be formed by the extension of a respective retention cable, in which case the flotation base comprises a deflection element that allows a break in the alignment of the retention cable and the upper end of the cable 30 retention is finally linked to the building.   The flotation base may be a structure comprising a single essentially closed, watertight and hollow body, of the drawer type, which is preferably made substantially of concrete, or it may be a structure comprising at least two essentially closed, watertight and hollow bodies , drawer type, of which at least 8 one is preferably made substantially of concrete, said bodies being joined together directly or by means of a frame, for example of lattice type or bar type.  Each of said bodies may have one or more interior compartments, sealed or intercommunicated.   5 A floating work according to the present invention can be transported by water by trailer or self-propelled to the site.  To this end, the flotation base and at least part of the building can form a transport unit that is floating and self-stable.  In the case of a floating work which is a floating substructure for wind turbines comprising a telescopic shaft according to the present invention, the flotation base, the telescopic shaft in folded condition (that is, with the base section connected in a form in solidarity with the flotation base and the overlapping sections provisionally housed inside each other and within the base section), and at least part of wind turbine means attached to the head section of said telescopic shaft can form a transport unit that It is floating and self-stable.  15 Preferably, during transportation the flotation base remains semi-submerged and the building, where appropriate the telescopic shaft in folded condition, remains completely emerged.  However, preferably, in the installed condition of the substructure, the flotation base is completely submerged and the building is partially submerged.   In the installed condition of the work, the central vertical axis of the building preferably coincides with the central vertical axis of the flotation base.   Said downward thrust means comprise at least one massive element suspended from the retention cables themselves and completely submerged, located below the flotation base and elevated with respect to the seabed.  Said retention cables are not vertical but have an inclination in relation to the vertical, their upper end being further away from the central axis of the flotation base than its lower end.  Preferably, the massive element is essentially located on the central vertical axis of the flotation base.  Preferably, the massive element comprises an essentially hollow concrete drawer, whose interior in installed condition is totally or partially filled with ballast material, the ballast material being able to be a liquid or solid material.  Said suspended mass element may further comprise means for regulating the volume and / or weight of said ballast material, which allows the weight to be regulated. 9 submerged from said suspended mass and thereby regulate the draft or elevation in which the floating work is located, adapting it to convenience depending on, in particular, the wind or swell conditions.   The work according to the present invention can also comprise means for maintaining the lateral position that connect the floating work with the seabed so that it is not drifting.  Such means of lateral maintenance of the position may comprise at least one mooring or mooring attached at one end to the seabed and at the other end to any element of the floating work, be it for example to any of the elements included in the flotation base, a massive suspended element 10, or even the building.  The joining of said mooring to the seabed can be carried out by various systems known in the art, such as by means of anchors, by the system known as "single point mooring" or by simple gravity in case a plurality of moorings are arranged in Shape of large chains and length.  At least one of said massive elements is likely to be provisionally attached to the flotation base.  In this way, at least one of said massive attachable elements can be part of the transport unit and be transported together with the buoyancy base and the building, and once at the site 20, lift off the flotation base until it reaches its position for the installed condition of the work.   The floating work according to the present invention may comprise means for provisionally collecting the retaining cables for their coiled or wound winding, as part of the transport unit and / or as part of at least one massive element.  These elements allow efficient transport of the retention cables and, during the installation process of the retention cable, allow it to be deployed or unwind progressively, which improves the efficiency and simplicity of the installation process in particular when the means of Downward thrust comprise massive elements 30 that are ballasted for their progressive descent to their position in the installed condition of the floating work.   In addition, the flotation base of a floating work according to the present invention may comprise at least one extension arm that projects laterally outwardly 35 from the perimeter of the body or the set of bodies of the flotation base.  In this In this case, at least one of the retention cables may be connected at its upper end to a respective extension arm, preferably to the free end of a respective extension arm.  In this case, at least one of the braces may be attached at its lower end to a respective extension arm.  Also in this case, at least one of said braces may be formed by the extension of a respective retention cable, in which case the extension arm preferably comprises at its free end, a deflection element that allows a break in the alignment of the retention cable and the upper end of the retention cable is finally connected to the building.  Also in this case, the lateral maintenance means of the position may be attached, at one end, to the seabed and, at the other end, to at least one of said extension arms 10.   The floating work according to the present invention may comprise, under the flotation base, at least one pressurized gas chamber (for example pressurized air), which increases the volume of water dislodged by the flotation base and therefore increases the 15 rising buoyant force it receives.  The enclosure containing said pressurized gas chamber is open on its lower side so that it is connected to the site's water body.  In addition, means for controlling and regulating the volume and / or pressure of the air contained in said pressurized gas chamber can be provided, which allows to regulate the upward buoyancy thrust received by the flotation base and thereby regulate the draft or level in which the floating work is located, adapting it to convenience depending, in particular, on the wind or swell conditions.   In addition, in this case, the floating work according to the present invention may comprise, at the flotation base, means of harnessing the energy of the waves 25 that include at least one Wells type turbine located in an air passage through of the lower side of the flotation base that communicates the essentially watertight interior enclosure of the flotation base and / or of the building with said pressurized gas chamber.  Even the floating work according to the present invention can comprise a system for regulating the size of at least one pressurized gas chamber, by adjusting the volume and / or pressure of the air it contains, which allows adjusting the frequency of resonance in the said pressurized gas chamber at the ranges of the predominant period of the incident waves, thereby increasing the oscillations of the water level in said pressurized gas chambers that produces the waves and the use of their energy.   35 These Wells type turbines make it possible to harness the energy of the waves by means of 11 procedure known as oscillating water column; the passage of the waves generates ascents and descents of the sheet of water within the enclosure that contains the pressurized gas chamber, thereby propelling air through the passage between the gas chamber under the flotation base and the interior itself of the flotation base or the shaft.  The Wells type turbine has the capacity to generate energy by taking advantage of the flow of 5 air through said passage in either direction.   Another object of the present invention relates to a procedure for installing a floating work as described above.   The installation procedure according to the present invention comprises the following steps in any technically possible order: A) manufacture the buoyancy base on-shore or in-shore, 15 B) dry-build the building, C) conform on- shore or in-shore a transport unit, D) transport in a self-floating way, using tugboats, the transport unit to the site, E) apply one end of the retention cables to the flotation base and apply the other end from the retaining cables to the downward thrust means, 25 F) apply to the work, if any, the lateral maintenance means of the position.   In case the floating work is a floating substructure for wind turbines comprising a telescopic tower, the installation procedure according to the present invention comprises the following steps in any technically possible order: A) manufacture on-shore or in-shore the flotation base, B) dry fabricate the sections of the telescopic shaft, including at least one base section and one head section, 12 C) form on-shore or in-shore a transport unit according to the following sub-steps: C1) apply the telescopic shaft in folded condition to the flotation base, 5 C2) apply at least part of the wind turbine means to the head section, C3) apply to the flotation base, if any, the extension arms, C4) apply to the flotation base, if any, the braces, 10 C5) apply to the flotation base, if any , the means of harnessing the energy of the waves, D) transporting in a self-floating way, either using tugboats either by self-propelled, the transport unit to the site, E) applying one end of the retention cables to the base of flotation and apply the other end of the retention cables to the downward thrust means, 20 F) apply to the substructure, if any, the lateral maintenance means of the position, G) deploy the telescopic shaft together with the wind turbine   The installation procedure according to the present invention further comprises, before step D), the step: H) placing the flotation base in the site water body.   The installation procedure according to the present invention may further comprise, after step D) and before step E), step: I) ballast the flotation base to submerge it to the desired level for the installed condition, which preferably coincides with the dimension in installed condition of the upper end of at least one of the retention cables.   13 The installation procedure according to the present invention may further comprise, after step C) and before step E), step: J1) provisionally apply flotation stabilizing means to the floating work; 5 and then the installation procedure according to the present invention may further comprise, after step E), the step: J2) remove the flotation stabilizing means from the floating work.  10 Said flotation stabilizing means may include: - at least three floats applied to the flotation base, possibly by said extension arms if any, in a fixed relative position, each float having a height 15 sufficient to always remain partially emerged at along step I) and until step E) is completed, and / or - at least two floats connected to the flotation base, possibly by said extension arms if any, by means of run-off means that are extended according to the level of the flotation base 20 descends along step I) and / or by means of guiding the set of floats with the building, each float having a buoyancy such that it remains on the surface along step I), and / or - at least one barge connected to the flotation base, possibly by said extension arms 25, if any, by means of run-offs that are extended as the level of the flotation base descends to the or along step I), each barge having a buoyancy such that it remains on the surface along step I), and / or - at least one support boat equipped with runway means that connect the boat to the flotation base 30 , possibly by said extension arms if there are any.   The installation process according to the present invention may further comprise, before step E), the steps: 35 K1) manufacture at-shore or in-shore at least one concrete drawer of the pushing means 14 descending and placing it in the site water body, K2) transporting said concrete drawer in a self-floating way, using tugboats, to the site, 5 K3) ballasting said concrete drawer so that its total weight is increased enough to counteract the elevational forces that can hold the retention cables and submerges until they reach their operational level.   The installation method according to the present invention may further comprise, before step E), the step: M) providing traction means of the retaining cables on the flotation base; and then the installation procedure according to the present invention may further comprise, in step E): actuate said pulling means of the retaining cables to move the float base vertically.   In at least one of said steps of the installation procedure according to the present invention, one or more tugboats can be used to control the plant position of the floating substructure.   Optionally, step G) of the installation procedure according to the present invention is divided into two or more phases, including one or more phases after step D) and before step E) and one or more phases after step E) Likewise, step D) of the installation procedure according to the present invention is preferably divided into two or more phases, including: - a transport phase without pushing means, prior to step E), to a working area different from the site, and - a transport phase with pushing means, after step E), from said work area to the site.   35 Finally, in case step C2) includes the installation on the head section of 15 only part of the wind turbine means, the method also includes, after step D), the step: N) assemble all the wind turbine means on the head section.   5 It should be noted that, by means of a special substructure typology designed to enable high-capacity wind turbine support substructure solutions, the present invention makes it possible to provide a powerful substructure.  That is, a substructure designed at source with increased capacity and adaptability to allow repowering or repowering (the future replacement of an original wind turbine with another of greater power, efficiency and profitability) taking advantage of the same substructure.   It should be appreciated that the installation procedure according to the present invention as described above is reversible.  That is to say, the steps carried out can be developed in the opposite direction in order to dismantle the work, either to remove it definitively or to carry out works of any kind on it in port and reinstall it.  In addition, when the floating work is a floating substructure for wind turbines, thanks to the telescopic feature of the shaft, it can be configured to be brought to the folded condition at any time during the life of the substructure, for example for maintenance actions or, precisely, of 20 repowering.   The present invention therefore provides a floating work and an installation process thereof that are advantageous for high depths, which are especially applicable to works made essentially of concrete and that depend little or no large marine means for transport, handling and lifting of the elements of the work, which consequently implies a low or no cost associated with such means.   The flotation base according to the present invention can be understood analogously to the foundation block of a gravity foundation solution supported on the seabed.  However, it is possible to make the flotation base of the present invention with a less complex configuration if ballasting of the same does not occur, as this allows avoiding valve assemblies for this purpose.  Even in the case of ballast, the differences in external and internal pressure to the walls of the flotation base are smaller than those that should be supported in the case of a ballast to the bottom.  Also, the flotation base of 16 The present invention requires a less bulky structure since the effectiveness of the foundations by gravity in relation to stabilization is closely linked to their weight and is usually faced using large volumes that are weighted and that must be able to withstand the transmission of important forces to the ground.  These characteristics may allow maintaining relatively moderate costs.   Ultimately, the present invention provides a floating work and an installation procedure thereof for inland use, which are advantageous for high depths, relatively simple, efficient, safe and economical both in installation 10 and in maintenance and / or, in case of floating substructures for wind turbines, repowering.   BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment of the present invention, given only by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the drawings that are they accompany, in which: Figure 1 schematically shows an elevation view, partially in cross-section, of a transport unit with a shaft in folded condition, with wind turbine means; Figure 2 schematically shows an elevation view, partially in cross-section 25, of a floating substructure with stabilization means of a single suspended massive body and chains as means of lateral maintenance of the position, with wind turbine means; Figure 3 schematically shows an elevation view, partially in cross-section 30, of a floating substructure with stabilization means of a single suspended massive body and a cable-pile assembly as means of lateral maintenance of the position, with wind turbine means; Figure 4 schematically shows an elevation view, partially in cross-section, of a floating substructure with single body stabilization means 17 massive suspended and chains as means of lateral maintenance of the position, with extension arms and braces, with wind turbine means; Figure 5 schematically shows a perspective view of a floating substructure with stabilization means of a single suspended massive body and a cable-pile assembly 5 as means of lateral maintenance of the position, with extension arms and braces, with wind turbine means; Figure 6 schematically shows four elevational views, partially in cross-section, showing respective embodiments that include different stabilizing means 10 used during the installation procedure; Figure 7 schematically shows three elevational views, partially in cross-section, of respective stages in a procedure for installing a floating substructure with stabilization means of a single massive body and means of maintaining lateral position 15, with wind turbine means ; Figure 8 schematically shows two elevational views, partially in cross-section, of respective stages in a procedure for installing a floating substructure with stabilization means of a single massive body, with wind turbine means; Figure 9 schematically shows a perspective view of a floating substructure with stabilization means of a single suspended massive body, with a floating base of several bodies, with a non-telescopic shaft and wind turbine means; Figure 10 schematically shows a perspective view of a floating substructure with stabilization means of a single suspended massive body, with another floating base of several bodies and with braces, with wind turbine means; Figure 11 schematically shows a portion of a floating substructure, namely a flotation base that includes a pressure gas chamber and Wells type turbines, as well as extension arms; and Figure 12 schematically shows a perspective view of a floating work with 35 stabilization means of a single suspended massive body, with a flotation base 18 of a single body that supports three shafts and, above them, a rectangular hexahedral platform.   Detailed description of at least one embodiment of the invention 5 Referring to the attached figures, in all of them a floating work 1 is shown which, in an installed condition, according to the present invention, comprises: a flotation base 2, comprising at least one body with an essentially hollow interior 25 whose maximum horizontal dimension exceeds its maximum vertical dimension; a building supported on said flotation base 2; means of downward thrust; and at least three retention cables 8 whose respective upper ends are attached to said flotation base 2 and whose respective lower ends are attached to said downward thrust means.  In addition, in Figures 1 to 11, the building that is part of the floating work comprises a telescopic shaft 3, the wind turbine means 7 being shown an optional and / or interchangeable accessory with other accessories, 15 according to the application of the floating work , illustrated simply by way of example for the explanation of the embodiments of the invention.  In Figure 12, the building that is part of the floating work comprises three shafts 36 supported directly by the flotation base 2 and an electrical substation 41 supported on said shafts and schematically represented by a rectangular hexahedral platform.  In any case, the flotation base 2 20 has a sufficient dimension to ensure stable self-floating of the assembly comprising the flotation base 2 itself and the corresponding building.  In the case of figures 1 to 11, the flotation base 2 has a sufficient dimension to ensure stable self-floating of the assembly comprising the flotation base 2 itself, the telescopic shaft 3 in folded condition and at least part of the means 7 of 25 wind turbines arranged in the head of said shaft.   However, floating substructures are shown in Figures 1 and 6 in which said downward thrust means and said retention cables 8 have not been applied to form the complete floating substructure 1 according to the invention, because 30 phases of the installation procedure of floating substructure 1 prior to the installed condition.   Specifically, Figure 1 shows a transport unit 9 in a transport phase of an embodiment of the installation procedure according to the present invention, in which a self-floating and self-transporting transport unit 9, formed by a base 2 of 19 flotation, a telescopic shaft 3 in folded condition supported on said flotation base 2, and wind turbine means 7 attached to the head section 32 of said telescopic shaft 3, is towed by a tug boat 28.  In the transport phase illustrated in Figure 1, the downward thrust means and the retention cables 8 are transported apart from said transport unit 9 and subsequently applied to the transport unit 9.   On the other hand, Figure 6 shows a transport unit 9 in a lowering condition corresponding to an embodiment of the installation procedure according to the present invention, specifically during the ballasting step of the flotation base 2 just before applying precisely, retention cables 8 connected by their lower end to downward pushing means.  Figure 6 shows five views representing respective embodiments of stabilizing means 27 used in the installation procedure.  Such stabilizing means 27 are intended to stabilize the transport unit 9 during the tasks of applying the downward thrust means 15 and the retention cables 8 to the transport unit 9, as well as during the ballasting and lowering tasks of the base 2 flotation until its operational level.  Such stabilizing means 27 are optional in the installation process and, in any case, are preferably removable and reusable so that they are not part of the floating substructure 1 in installed condition.  More specifically, in the embodiment shown in view 6 (a), the stabilizing means 27 comprise three floats attached to the floating base 2 in a fixed relative position, each float having a height sufficient to always remain partially emerged along from the ballasting step and descent of the floating substructure 1 to its 25 operational level.  In this embodiment, two towing boats 28 would be connected to the floating base 2 of the floating substructure 1 at diametrically opposite points, to increase the control of the positioning of the floating substructure 1.   In the embodiment shown in view 6 (b), the stabilizer means 27 comprise three 30 floats that are connected to each other and comprise means 33 for guiding the tower that maintain their relative position in plan with the flotation base 2 (in the representation shows only two floats by the type of view used), each float having a motorized reel comprising means 29 in this case said ramp means 29 consist of a cape attached at its free end to the flotation base 2, so that said motorized reel runs long as the 20 ballasted and descent of floating substructure 1 to its operational level.  Said end is prestressed.   In the embodiment shown in view 6 (c), the stabilizing means 27 comprise a single float that partially surrounds the base section 4, the float having a flat U-shaped geometry 5, and comprising pulling means 31 , which in this case consist of three motorized reels, each comprising a end connected by its free end to the flotation base 2, so that each of said motorized reels long out as the ballasting and descent of floating substructure 1 to its operational level.  In the embodiment shown in view 6 (d), the stabilizing means 27 comprise two barges or vessels each having a motorized reel comprising a end connected by its free end to the flotation base 2 (in this embodiment, specifically to a respective extension arm 19) so that said long motorized reel takes place as the ballasting and lowering of the floating substructure 1 takes place until its operational level.   Finally, in the embodiment shown in view 6 (e), the stabilizing means 27 comprise three floats (although in the sectional view only two are schematized) 20 connected to the flotation base 2 by means of extension arms 39 which in this case are provisional, and also include support vessels 27 equipped with landing means 29.  In this case, the floats remain emerged during part of the ballasting process of the flotation base 2 but not in the last stages of the ballasting process.   Reference will now be made to Figures 2 to 5, each of which shows a different embodiment of a floating substructure 1 according to the invention.   Figure 2 represents wind turbine means 7 supported on a deployed telescopic shaft 3 formed by three tubular sections, that is, a base section 4 and two two overlapping sections 5, 32.  In this case, the two lower sections are made of concrete, while the head section 32 is metallic.  In turn, the telescopic shaft 3 rests on its base section 4 on a flotation base 2.  In this embodiment, the shaft is of the semi-emerged type and the flotation base 2 is of the submerged type, together forming part of a floating substructure 1 for wind turbines.  Three retention cables 8 start from the perimeter zone of said floating base 2 (of which only two are visible due to 21 at the type of view used).  These retention cables 8 are connected, at their opposite end to their end connected to the flotation base 2, to downward thrust means consisting of a suspended massive element, in the form of a hollow drawer 13 of concrete common to all the cables.  The interior of the common drawer 13 is completely filled with ballast material 14, so that the flotation base 2 is located at its operational level.  Said cables extend inclined with respect to the vertical so that the upper end of each of the cables is farther from the central vertical axis 10 of the shaft than the lower end of the same cable.  In this embodiment, the flotation base 2 is not ballasted.   In this embodiment, the floating substructure 1 further comprises means 16 of 10 lateral maintenance of the position by means of which the floating substructure 1 is attached to the seabed.  Such means for lateral maintenance of the position comprise three moorings, each of which starts from the perimeter zone of said flotation base 2 and hangs down and away from the flotation base 2 until it rests on the seabed.  In this embodiment, each of these moorings is formed by a long and thick chain 15, and such a set of chains or moorings, prevents or at least limits the lateral displacement of the floating substructure 1.   Figure 3 represents wind turbine means 7 supported on a deployed telescopic shaft 3 formed by two tubular sections, that is, a base section 4 in this concrete case and a head section 32 in this metallic case.  In turn, the telescopic shaft 3 rests on its base section 4 on a flotation base 2.  In this embodiment, the shaft is of the emergent type and the flotation base 2 is of the semi-submerged type, together forming part of a floating substructure 1 for wind turbines.  Three retention cables 8 start from the perimeter zone of said flotation base 2 (of which only two are visible due to the type of view used).  These retention cables 8 are connected, at their opposite end to their end connected to the flotation base 2, to a suspended massive element, in the form of a hollow drawer 13 of concrete common to all the cables.  The interior of the common drawer 13 is completely filled with a concrete mixture of ballast materials, including liquid and solid material, so that the flotation base 2 is located at its operational level 30.  Said cables extend inclined with respect to the vertical so that the upper end of each of the cables is farther from the central vertical axis 10 of the shaft than the lower end of the same cable.  In this embodiment, the flotation base 2 is not ballasted.   35 In this embodiment, the floating substructure 1 further comprises means 16 of 22 lateral maintenance of the position whereby the floating substructure 1 is attached to the seabed.  Such means for lateral maintenance of the position comprise a pile anchored to the seabed and a single mooring attached at one end to the common drawer 13 and at the other end to said pile.  As already indicated above, the interior of the common drawer 13 is completely filled with a concrete mixture of ballast materials, so that the flotation base 2 is placed at its operational level, whereby the lateral maintenance means 16 of the position are not intended or designed in order to provide a downward thrust to determine the draft of the floating substructure 1, but simply to withstand the stresses caused by forces imposed on the floating substructure 1 by external acting actions, such as waves, 10 marine currents, etc.   Figure 4 represents wind turbine means 7 supported on a deployed telescopic shaft 3 formed by three tubular sections, that is, a base section 4 and two overlapping sections 5, 32.  In turn, the telescopic shaft 3 rests on its section 4 of 15 base on a flotation base 2.  In this embodiment, the shaft is of the semi-emerged type and the flotation base 2 is of the submerged type, together forming part of a floating substructure 1 for wind turbines.  Three retention cables 8 start from the perimeter zone of said flotation base 2 (of which only two are visible due to the type of view used).  Specifically, in this embodiment the flotation base 2 comprises three extension arms 20 that extend laterally outward from said flotation base 2 and from each of said extension arms 19 part a respective cable.  These retention cables 8 are connected, at their opposite end to their end applied to the flotation base 2, to a massive suspended element, in the form of a hollow drawer 13 of concrete common to all the cables.  The interior of the common drawer 13 is completely filled with a concrete mixture of ballast materials, so that the flotation base 2 is located at its operational level.  Said cables extend inclined with respect to the vertical so that the upper end of each of the cables is farther from the central vertical axis 10 of the shaft than the lower end of the same cable.  In this embodiment, the flotation base 2 is not ballasted.  In this embodiment, the floating substructure 1 further comprises means 16 for maintaining lateral position by means of which the floating substructure 1 is attached to the seabed.  Such means for lateral maintenance of the position comprise three moorings (of which only two are visible due to the type of sight used), each of which starts from a respective extension arm 19 and hangs down and 23 moving away from the flotation base 2 until resting on the seabed.  In this embodiment, each of these moorings is formed by a long and thick chain, and such a set of chains, by virtue of its own weight, prevents or at least limits the lateral displacement of the floating substructure 1.   5 Furthermore, the floating substructure 1 includes three braces 20, each of which starts from a respective extension arm 19 and is connected at its other end to the upper end of the base section 4 of the shaft of the floating substructure 1.  In fact, in this embodiment, three strands are provided, each connected by one end to the common drawer 13 and the other end to the upper end of the base section 4 of the shaft of the floating substructure 10 1.  Each of said strands passes through a deflection element 21 located at the free end of a respective extension arm 19, each strand being thus divided into a lower segment extending from an extension arm 19 to the common drawer 13 and an upper segment extending from an extension arm 19 to the upper end of the base section 4 of the shaft of the floating substructure 1.  Then, each of said 15 lower segments each forms said retention cables 8, and each of said upper segments each forms said braces 20.  Said deflection element 21 is in this embodiment a plastic element with a curved face that allows the cable to deflect adopting a suitable bending radius.   Figure 5 represents wind turbine means 7 supported on a deployed telescopic shaft 3 formed by four tubular sections, that is, a base section 4 and three overlapping sections.  In turn, the telescopic shaft 3 rests on its base section 4 on a flotation base 2.  Three retention cables 8 start from the perimeter zone of said flotation base 2.  Specifically, in this embodiment the flotation base 2 comprises three extension arms 19 that extend laterally outward from said flotation base 2 forming a spatial structure in plan, and from each of said extension arms 19 part a respective cable.  These retention cables 8 are connected, at their opposite end to their end connected to the flotation base 2, to a suspended massive element, in the form of a hollow drawer 13 of concrete common to all the cables.  The interior 30 of the common drawer 13 is completely filled with ballast material 14, so that the flotation base 2 is located at its operational level.  Said cables extend inclined with respect to the vertical so that the upper end of each of the cables is farther from the central vertical axis 10 of the shaft than the lower end of the same cable.   35 In this embodiment, the floating substructure 1 further comprises means 16 of 24 lateral maintenance of the position whereby the floating substructure 1 is attached to the seabed.  Such means for lateral maintenance of the position comprise a pile anchored to the seabed and a single mooring attached at one end to the common drawer 13 and at the other end to said pile.  As already indicated above, the interior of the common drawer 13 is completely filled with a ballast material 14, so that the flotation base 2 5 is located at its operational level, whereby the lateral maintenance means 16 of the They are not intended or designed in order to provide a downward thrust to determine the draft of the floating substructure 1, but simply to withstand the stresses caused by forces imposed on the floating substructure 1 by external acting actions, such as waves, sea currents , etc.  In addition, the floating substructure 1 includes three braces 20, each of which starts from a respective extension arm 19 and is connected at its other end to the upper end of the base section 4 of the shaft of the floating substructure 1.  Preferably, the struts 20 are pre-positioned, that is, one end of each strut 20 joins either the floating base 15 or the upper end of the base section 4 of the shaft of the floating substructure 1 before the transport phase, and The rest of the strap 20 is folded and subject to the flotation substructure.  After the transport phase, each tie rod 20 is deployed and joins at its other end either to the upper end of the base section 4 of the shaft of the floating substructure 1 or to the floating base, respectively.  With reference now to Figures 7 and 8, two respective embodiments of an installation procedure according to the invention are synthetically shown.   Referring now specifically to Figure 7, view 7 (a) shows a transport unit 9 25 in a transport phase, in which a self-floating and self-transporting transport unit 9, formed by a flotation base 2 with elements 30 of provisional collection of the retention cables, a telescopic shaft 3 in folded condition supported on said flotation base 2, and wind turbine means 7 attached to the head section 32 of said telescopic shaft 3, is towed by a tug boat 28.  30 From the perimeter zone of said flotation base 2, three retention cables 8 start (of which only two are visible due to the type of view used).  These retention cables 8 are connected, at their opposite end to their end attached to the flotation base 2, to a massive element intended to be suspended at a certain distance from the seabed and thus act as downward thrust means, in the form of a drawer hollow 13 of concrete 35 common to all cables, whose profile substantially coincides with a central lower recess 25 of the flotation base 2.  In this transport phase, said common drawer 13 is then attached to the flotation base 2, housed in said recess, and is transported together with it.  Said common drawer 13 remains attached to the flotation base 2 in this transport phase due to the fact that, since said common drawer 13 is hollow and empty, it floats in the body of water, so it is dragged along the base. 2 flotation.  5 In fact, once the transport phase illustrated in view 7 (a) and prior to the equilibrium condition illustrated in view 7 (b) is finished, the common drawer 13 is partially ballasted by a first ballast material 14 until that these cables are fully deployed.  10 View 7 (b) then shows the transport unit 9 in said equilibrium condition, in which the cables are fully deployed and substantially without tension, the common drawer 13 is suspended a certain distance from the seabed that substantially corresponds to its own flotation balance, and the flotation base 2 is substantially floating on the surface of the water.   After that, and before the installed condition illustrated in view 7 (c), means 16 for lateral maintenance of the position are applied to the floating substructure 1, whereby the floating substructure 1 joins the seabed.  Such means 16 for lateral maintenance of the position comprise two moorings, each of which starts from the perimeter zone of said common drawer 13 and hangs down and away from said common drawer 13 until resting on the seabed.  In this embodiment, each of these moorings is formed by a long and thick chain attached to an anchor in the seabed, and such a set of chains, prevents or at least limits the lateral displacement of the floating substructure 1.  Alternatively, said position maintenance means 16 can be connected to the floating substructure 1 before starting the ballasting process of the suspended massive element, or they can be connected to another part of the floating substructure 1 as the floating base 2.   30 Then, the common drawer 13 is completely ballasted, for which a second ballast material 14 can be used, so that it lowers the flotation base 2 to its operational height, which causes the air trapped in the central lower recess of the flotation base 2 is compressed.   35 View 7 (c) then shows floating substructure 1 in accordance with this In the said installed condition, in which the cables are fully deployed and tensioned, the common drawer 13 is fully ballasted so that the flotation base 2 is placed at its operational level, and the lower central recess of the base 2 of Flotation contains a chamber 22 of compressed air that can increase the buoyant upward force experienced by flotation base 2.  The regulation of the air contained in said chamber 22 5 can serve to regulate the buoyant force and thereby the draft of the whole of the floating substructure 1.  This embodiment also incorporates a Wells type turbine 23 in an air passage between said compressed gas chamber 22 and the interior of the shaft, so that variations in the water level in said chamber 22 that are induced by the swell can be used to generate energy 10 In this case, the shaft of the floating substructure 1 is of the emerged type and the flotation base 2 is of the semi-submerged type.   Referring now specifically to Figure 8, view 8 (a) shows the dry dock construction 15 of the flotation base 2.  Figure 8 (b) shows a transport unit 9 in a transport phase, in which said transport unit 9 is self-floating and self-stable and is formed by a flotation base 2, a telescopic shaft 3 in folded condition supported on said flotation base 2, and wind turbine means 7 connected to the head section 32 of said telescopic shaft 3; in the same view 8 (b) the independent transport, simultaneous or not, of a massive element in the form of a concrete drawer 13, self-floating and self-stable, is also shown, being also towed to the site.  Said drawer 13 has the retention cables 8 preset, by means of provisional collection elements 30 for the retention cables.  Said drawer 13 is partially ballasted from the beginning of transport, without compromising its stable flotation, so that the amount of ballast that will be necessary to provide at the definitive offshore site is reduced.   Figure 8 (c) shows a later phase of the installation process in which the retention cables 8 transported on the massive element have been deployed with different lengths, totally or partially, and have been connected at perimeter points of the base 2 of 30 flotation   The view 8 (d) shows the ballasting process of the concrete drawer 13, which leads to its progressive descent until it is eventually suspended from the retention cables 8.  The weight of the drawer 13 itself and the retaining cables 8 that hold it will cause the drawer 13 to store itself in its final position with respect to the base 2 of 27 flotation, which in this case coincides with the central vertical axis 10 of the shaft and the flotation base 2.  However, the process can also be assisted by one or more tug boats 28.   Once the drawer 13 is suspended from the flotation base 2 by means of inclined retention cables 8, it provides the structure with great stability, and therefore the telescopic shaft 3 is lifted together with the wind turbine means 7, which phase It is represented in view 8 (e).  Finally, the view 8 (f) shows the installed condition of the floating substructure 1, with the drawer 13 completely ballasted, and with the incorporation of means 16 for maintaining the lateral position.  In this case, the flotation base 2 is partially ballasted 10 to adjust the draft of the structure.  The ballast material 14 is preferably liquid and its volume adjustable, which makes it possible to conveniently adjust the draft of the assembly depending on the circumstances, in particular wind and swell.   In both the embodiment according to the invention of Figure 7 and that of Figure 8, 15 the massive element, attached or transported in part, provides the necessary stability - through the retention cables 8 - during the process of Weighted from the flotation base 2, even if the flotation base 2 is completely submerged.  Therefore, the installation process can be carried out without the use of flotation stabilizing means 27.  Figures 9 and 10 show two embodiments of a floating substructure 1 for wind turbines according to the present invention, in which the flotation base 2 is formed by a plurality of hollow bodies.  Specifically, Figure 9 shows an embodiment of a floating substructure 1 for wind turbines according to the present invention in which the flotation base 2 is formed by a main hollow body and two additional hollow bodies, all hollow bodies being joined between yes through lattice type frames; and Figure 10 shows an embodiment of a floating substructure 1 for wind turbines according to the present invention in which the flotation base 2 is formed by a main hollow body and three additional hollow bodies, the additional hollow bodies being joined together. to the main hollow body by means of a bar-like frame, which in this case is also formed by a prismatic hollow body.   In the embodiment of Figure 9, the main hollow body is in the form of a disk and holds a non-telescopic tubular shaft 40 on it, which in turn supports the means 7 of 28 wind turbine, and the additional hollow bodies are arranged so that they form a triangular plant with the main hollow body.  In this embodiment, the retention cables 8 split one of each hollow body and meet in a massive element that acts as means of downward thrust.  Furthermore, the retention cables 8 are all of the same length, whereby said massive element is offset relative to the central vertical axis 5 of the shaft, and substantially coincides with the central vertical axis 11 of the three floating base 2 bodies that are offset with respect to the central vertical axis 10 of the shaft.   On the other hand, in the embodiment of Figure 10, the main hollow body is shaped like a disk 10 and holds on it the shaft of the floating substructure 1, and the additional hollow bodies are arranged around said main hollow body in equidistant positions between yes and equidistant with said main body.  In this embodiment, the retention cables 8 split one of each of the additional hollow bodies and meet in a massive element that acts as downward thrust means.  In addition, the retention cables 8 are all of the same length, whereby said massive element is arranged substantially on the central vertical axis 10 of the shaft that substantially coincides with the central axis 11 of the flotation base 2.   The floating substructure 1 of this embodiment further comprises three braces 20, which split one of each of the additional hollow bodies and join the upper end of the base section 4 of the shaft of the floating substructure 1.  Preferably, the lower end of a tie rod 20 of a floating work according to the present invention will be attached to the floating base 2 of the floating work in a position close to or aligned with the point of attachment of the upper end of one of the cables 8 retention to flotation base 2.  25 In this embodiment the sections of the telescopic shaft are formed by prefabricated segments that joined through vertical joints 38 form essentially cylindrical sections of the shaft.  Likewise, between said cylindrical sections, horizontal joints 37 are formed along the shaft.  30 The sections of the tower formed by segments can be pre-assembled dry and / or on the dock to form complete sections, and then proceed to apply the complete sections to the flotation base 2, intermediate process equally applicable to other types of offshore substructures that employ telescopic type towers as described in the present invention.  35 29 Finally, referring to FIG. 11, there is shown a detail of an embodiment of floating substructure 1 according to the present invention, specifically a flotation base 2 with extension arms 19 that includes a pressurized gas chamber 22 and Wells type 23 turbines for harnessing wave energy.   5 More specifically, the perimeter wall of the flotation base 2 is extended downward so that a cavity oriented downward is formed.  This cavity initially contains air which, by placing the flotation base 2 in the site water body, is trapped.  Furthermore, when the flotation base 2 is submerged, said trapped air is compressed, said gas chamber 22 being formed under pressure.  Alternatively or additionally, air or any other pressurized gas can be introduced into said pressurized gas chamber 22.  In addition, the flotation base 2 is compartmentalized.  Each compartment has an opening in the bottom wall and, in correspondence with each respective opening, a corresponding Wells turbine 23.  In addition, the compartments also have an opening in each partition partition between 15 compartments.  The partition compartments between compartments are also extended downwards so that said pressurized gas chamber 22 is also compartmentalized.   The power generation system of a Wells type turbine 23 of the present invention is based on the OWC technology (oscillating water column), based on the changes of pressure that the waves generate in the air chamber 22 and that propel the air through the Wells type turbines 23.   25 The presence of Wells type turbines 23 in the embodiments of the present invention for the generation of energy from the waves in which the floating work is a floating substructure 1 for wind turbines makes special sense since all the infrastructure destined for the evacuation of the energy generated by the wind turbine.   In addition, the pressurized gas chamber 22 may comprise means for controlling and regulating the volume and / or pressure of the gas contained in said pressurized gas chamber 22, to regulate or help regulate the draft of the floating substructure 1 and to adjust or help adjust the resonance frequency of the gas chamber 22 to improve the efficiency of the oscillating water column system.  35 With reference again to Figures 1 and 2, an embodiment of a procedure for installing a floating substructure 1 for wind turbines according to the present invention then comprises the following steps: - manufacturing a floating base 2 in the shape of a hollow disk ; 5 - place the flotation base 2 in the site water body; - dry manufacturing three sections of a telescopic shaft 3, including a base section 4 and a head section 32; 10 - forming a transport unit 9, floating and self-stable, comprising the flotation base 2, the telescopic shaft 3 in folded condition centrally supported on said flotation base 2, and wind turbine means 7 supported on the head section 32 of said telescopic shaft 3; 15 - auto-floating towing said transport unit 9 to a first working area different from the site, the semi-submerged flotation base 2 and the telescopic shaft 3 in the folded condition fully emerged; 20 - fix the upper end of the retention cables 8 to the flotation base 2; - fixing the lower end of the retention cables 8 to downward thrust means in the form of an empty hollow drawer 13 common to all cables; 25 - towing in a self-floating way the assembly formed by said transport unit 9, said retention cables 8 and said common drawer 13 from said first working area to the site, the semi-submerged flotation base 2 and the telescopic shaft 3 remaining in folded condition completely emerged; 30 - applying by means of the retention cables 8 a downward force on the flotation base 2, generated by said common drawer 13 as it is ballasted, so that the flotation base 2 descends to its operational level; - deploy the telescopic shaft 3 together with the wind turbine means 7; 35 31 - applying to the substructure means 16 of lateral maintenance of the position in the form of chains, namely: joining a first long and thick chain by one of its ends to a first perimeter point of said floating base 2 so that such a chain it extends away from 5 the flotation base 2 until resting on the seabed, and joining a second long and thick chain by one of its ends to a second perimeter point of said flotation base 2 so that such a chain extends away from the flotation base 2 until resting on the seabed, 10 said first and second perimeter points being diametrically opposite in relation to the flotation base 2, and regulating the ballast of said common drawer 13 so that the flotation base 2 maintains its operational level 15 after joining said chains to said flotation base 2.   Said first work zone is a protected area of high draft.   Naturally, while maintaining the principle of the present invention, embodiments and construction details may vary widely with respect to those described and illustrated purely by way of non-limiting example, without thereby departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the attached claims.   For example, by way of illustration, in the light of the teachings of the present document, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the generator means may comprise an up-wind or down-wind type turbine, as well as any number of blades, without being limited to three blades as illustrated for purely illustrative purposes.   Also by way of illustration, although throughout this document reference is made to "cables" for connecting the downward thrust means and the flotation base, the person skilled in the art will understand that instead of cables they may be chains, bars, slings or the like, without thereby leaving the scope of the invention.   By way of illustration, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art in view of the teachings of this document that the lateral extensions referred to herein 32 "arms" may be coupled or even integrated in a lateral extension as a continuous crown or as a crown arc or in any other type of structure, without thereby departing from the scope of the invention.  Likewise, it will be obvious to one skilled in the art in view of the teachings of the present document that while essentially circular shapes are preferred for many of the elements included in the invention such as 5 spindles, hollow bodies or drawers, multiple others may be possible. geometries without leaving the scope of the invention, such as square or rectangular shapes, of regular or irregular polygon.   For the regulation of the volume and / or weight of the ballast material of the massive elements, known technology can be used, for example analogous to that used in submarines to control its depth.   

权利要求:
Claims (1)
[1]
33 CLAIMS 1. Floating work, characterized in that: • said floating work comprises: 5 - a floating base, comprising at least one essentially hollow body capable of being selectively filled with ballast, in which the maximum horizontal dimension of the floating base exceeds the maximum vertical dimension of the floating base, 10 - a building supported on said floating base, - downward pushing means, and 15 - at least three retaining cables, whose respective upper ends are attached to said floating base, preferably in perimeter positions of the floating base, and whose respective lower ends are attached to said downward thrust means, so that said retaining cables are in tension and apply a downward force on said floating base that increases the stability of the floating work 20; • said downward thrust means comprise at least one massive element suspended from the retention cables themselves and completely submerged, located below the floating base and raised with respect to the seabed; • said retaining cables are not vertical but have an inclination in relation to the vertical, their upper end being further away from the central axis of the floating base than their lower end. 2. Floating work according to claim 1, characterized in that the suspended massive element is essentially located on the central vertical axis of the floating base. Floating work according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the suspended massive element comprises an essentially hollow concrete box, the interior of which, in the installed condition, is totally or partially filled with ballast material. Floating work according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said suspended massive element further comprises means for regulating the volume and / or weight of said ballast material, to regulate the submerged weight of said suspended massive element and of In this way, it regulates the draft or height at which the floating work is located. Floating work according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, in installed condition, a semi-emerged type building and a submerged type floating base. Floating work according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises, in the installed condition, a raised-type building and a semi-submerged type floating base. Floating work according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one tie rod whose upper end is attached to the building and whose lower end is attached to the floating base, and in that at least one of said tie rods it is inclined with respect to the vertical so that the lower end of the tie is further from the central vertical axis of the building than the upper end 20 of the tie. Floating work according to claim 7, characterized in that at least one of said tie rods is formed by the extension of a respective retention cable, and in that the floating base comprises a deflection element that allows a break in alignment of the retaining cable and the upper end of the retaining cable is finally attached to the building. Floating work according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the floating base comprises a single essentially closed, watertight and hollow body, of the box type. Floating work according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the flotation base comprises at least two essentially closed, watertight and hollow bodies, of the drawer type, said bodies being joined together directly or by means of a frame. Floating work according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it also comprises means for lateral maintenance of the position that unite the floating work with the seabed so as to prevent it from adrift. Floating work according to claim 11, characterized in that said lateral position maintenance means comprise at least one mooring or "mooring" attached at one end to the seabed and at the other end to any element of the floating work. . Floating work according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of said massive elements is capable of being provisionally attached to the floating base. Floating work according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means for provisional collection of the retaining cables for their coiled or wound transport. Floating work according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one extension arm that projects laterally outward from the perimeter of the body or of the set of bodies of the floating base. Floating work according to claim 15, characterized in that at least one of the retaining cables is connected at its upper end to a respective extension arm. Floating work according to claim 16, characterized in that at least one of the tie rods is connected at its lower end to a respective extension arm. 18. Floating work according to claims 16 and 17, characterized in that at least one of said tie rods is formed by the extension of a respective retaining cable, and in that the corresponding extension arm comprises a deflection element that allows a break in the alignment of the guy wire and the top end of the guy wire is finally attached to the building. 35 19. Floating work according to any one of claims 15 to 18, 36 characterized in that the lateral position maintenance means are attached, at one end, to the seabed and, at the other end, to at least one of said extension arms. Floating work according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, under the flotation base, at least one pressurized gas chamber that increases the volume of water dislodged by the flotation base and therefore increases the upward buoyant force that it receives, and because said pressurized gas chamber is open on its lower side so that it remains connected to the body of water at the site. 21. Floating work according to claim 20, characterized in that it comprises means for controlling and regulating the volume and / or pressure of the gas contained in said pressurized gas chamber, to regulate the upward buoyancy thrust received by the flotation base. and in this way regulate the draft or height at which the floating work is located. 22. Floating work according to claim 21, characterized in that it comprises, on the floating base, means for harnessing wave energy. 23. Floating work according to claim 22, characterized in that said means 20 for harnessing wave energy include at least one Wells type turbine located in an air passage through the lower side of the floating base that communicates the essentially watertight interior enclosure of the flotation base and / or of the building with said pressurized gas chamber. 24. Floating work according to any one of claims 21 to 23, characterized in that it comprises a system for regulating the size of at least one chamber of gas under pressure, by adjusting the volume and / or pressure of the gas it contains, to adjust the resonance frequency in said pressurized gas chamber to the prevailing period ranges of the incident wave, thereby increasing the oscillations of the water level in said pressurized gas chambers that the waves produce and the use of their energy . Floating work according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a floating substructure for a wind turbine, especially a floating substructure substantially made of concrete. 37 26. Floating work according to claim 25, characterized in that said building comprises a telescopic shaft comprising at least two sections, including a base section and a head section, and which supports the wind turbine means. 27. Procedure for installing a floating work according to any one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that it comprises the following steps in any technically possible order: A) manufacturing the floating base on-shore or in-shore, 10 B) dry manufacture of the building, C) form on-shore or in-shore a transport unit formed by the flotation base and at least part of the building, 15 D) transport in a self-floating way, using tug boats, the unit transport to the site, E) apply one end of the restraint cables to the float base and apply the other end of the restraint cables to the downward thrust means, F) apply to the construction site, if any, the means for lateral position maintenance. 28. Installation procedure of a floating work according to claim 26, 25 characterized in that it comprises the following steps in any technically possible order: A) manufacture on-shore or in-shore the flotation base, 30 B) manufacture dry the sections of the telescopic shaft, including at least one base section and one head section, C) form on-shore or in-shore a transport unit according to the following sub-steps: 35 C1) apply the telescopic shaft in folded condition to the float base, 38 C2) apply at least part of the wind turbine means to the head section, C3) apply the extension arms to the flotation base, if any, 5 C4) apply the tie rods to the float base, if any , C5) apply to the flotation base, if any, the means of harnessing the wave energy, 10 D) transport in a self-floating way, either using tug boats or self-propelled, the transport unit to the site, E) apply one end of the retaining cables to the flotation base and apply the other end of the retaining cables to the downward thrust means, 15 F) apply to the substructure, if any, the lateral support means of the position, G) unfolding the telescopic shaft together with the wind turbine means; 20 and because it further comprises, before step D), step: H) placing the float base in the site water body. 29. Installation method according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that it further comprises, after step D) and before step E), the step: I) ballasting the float base to submerge it to the desired level for the installed condition. 30 30. Installation method according to any one of claims 27 to 29, characterized in that it further comprises, after step C) and before step E), step: J1) provisionally applying buoyancy stabilizing means to the work floating; 39 and because it further comprises, after step E), step: J2) removing the buoyancy stabilizing means from the floating work. 31. Installation method according to claims 29 and 30, characterized in that said floating stabilizing means include: - at least three floats applied to the floating base in a fixed relative position, each float having a sufficient height to always remain partially emerged along step I) and until step E) is completed, and / or - at least two floats connected to the float base by means of lowering means that move as the level of the float base descends along step I) and / or by means of guiding the set of floats with the building, each float having such a buoyancy that it remains on the surface along step I), and / or - at least one barge connected to the float base by means of lowering means that are released as the level of the float base descends along step I), each barge having such a buoyancy that it remains above ground. surface along step I), and / or 20 - at least one support boat equipped with lowering means connecting the boat to the buoyancy base. 32. Installation method according to any one of claims 27 to 25 31, characterized in that it further comprises, before step E), the steps: K1) manufacturing on-shore or in-shore at least one concrete box of the means of downward pushing and placing it in the site water mass, 30 K2) transporting said concrete box in a self-floating way, using tug boats, to the site, K3) ballasting said concrete box so that its total weight is increased lo sufficient to counteract the uplift forces that may be transmitted by the retaining cables and it submerges until it reaches its operational level. 33. Installation method according to any one of claims 27 to 31, characterized in that it further comprises, before step E), step: M) arranging traction means for the retaining cables on the floating base; 5 and because it also comprises, in step E): actuating said traction means of the retaining cables to vertically move the floating base. 34. Installation method according to any one of claims 27 to 10 33 for a floating work according to claim 13, characterized in that at least one of said massive attachment elements forms part of the transport unit and is transported together with the floating base and the building, and once on the site it is lowered from the floating base until reaching its position for the installed condition of the work. fifteen

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JP6835594B2|2021-02-24|

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EP3653486B1|2021-10-20|

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ES2555500B1|2016-12-13|

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PT3153398T|2020-04-02|

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US20180170488A1|2018-06-21|

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JP2017521296A|2017-08-03|

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法律状态:
2015-12-04| PC2A| Transfer of patent|Owner name: ESTEYCO S.A.P. Effective date: 20151130 |

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2016-12-13| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2555500 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B1 Effective date: 20161213 |

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优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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ES201430794A|ES2555500B1|2014-05-27|2014-05-27|Floating work and installation procedure|ES201430794A| ES2555500B1|2014-05-27|2014-05-27|Floating work and installation procedure|

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